Clinical safety of a high dose of phycocyaninenriched. The possibility that cphycocyanin serves as a nitrogen source in spirulina platensis during nitrogen starvation was studied. The name phycocyanin is derived from the greek phyco meaning algae and. Extraction and purification of cphycocyanin from spirulina. In the present study, a in the present study, a simple and efficient method to extract cphycocyanin from spirulina platensis wet biomass is reported. Medical application of spirulina platensis derived cphycocyanin qianliu, 1 yinghonghuang, 1 ronghuazhang, 1 tiangecai, 2 andyucai 1,3 college of pharmacy, jinan university, guangzhou, china collegeoflifesciences,liaoninguniversity,shenyang, china cancer institute of jinan university, guangzhou, china. Preventive effect of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis. Antioxidant activity, phycocyanin, spirulina platensis, stability, temperature, stabilizing agents. The combination of the nutrient mt and red spectrum resulted in the highest production of phycocyanin and a dry weight of spirulina of 5. Stable isolation of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis.
The relationship between spirulina platensis and selected. Production, extr action and analysis current biotechnology, 201 5, volume 4, no. A method for stably purifying a functional dye, phycocyanin from spirulina platensis was developed by a hexane extraction process combined with high pressure. Spirulina platensis is one of the microalgae that have several active ingredients that can be used in fisheries, pharmaceuticals, food additives and cosmetics, and one of them contains a high level of phycocyanin. Effect of concentration of k 2 hpo 4 on partitioning of phycocyanin. Improvement stability of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis encapsulated by water soluble chitosan nanoparticles.
Review article medical application of spirulina platensis. Spirulina phycobiliproteins as food components and. Spirulina platensis and its contents have been linked to a nutritional component in. Sternvolmer quenching constant value for zniicpc is determined. Spirulina is a dietary supplement made from bluegreen algae cyanobacteria. Some of the light spectrum can affect pigment synthesis, and besides that. The cyanobacteria spirulina platensis is an excellent source of phycocyanin. Spirulina denaturation and gel formation is therefore a complex phenomenon chronakis, 2001. The amount was greatly reduced if the biomass was dried at 50 c. Research article phycocyanin extraction from spirulina platensis and extract stability under various ph and temperature.
In this study a simple protocol was developed for purifying phycocyanin pc from spirulina platensis ccc540 by using ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by a single step chromatography by using deaecellulose11 and acetate buffer. Comparison of different extraction methods for phycocyanin extraction and yield from spirulina platensis s. The effects of media composition on the production of c phycocyanin cpc from the bluegreen algae spirulina platensis and the anti oxidant potential of the synthesizedcpc have been studied. Presently, studies were accomplished evaluating the physicalchemical and nutritional parameters of the cultivation costa et al. In the present study, a in the present study, a simple and efficient method to extract c phycocyanin from spirulina platensis wet biomass is reported. Quantitative analysis of cphycocyanin from spirulina. The effects of temperature and biomasssolvent ratio on phycocyanin concentration and extract purity were evaluated to determine the optimum conditions for phycocyanin extraction.
Under favourable conditions for growth, cphycocyanin existed in large excess in the algal cells. Cphycocyanin as a storage protein in the bluegreen alga. Phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin from spirulina platensis protect against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress jing zheng,1 toyoshi inoguchi,1,2 shuji sasaki,1 yasutaka maeda,1 mark f. Phycocyanin extraction from cyanobacteria spirulina platensis was optimized using factorial design and response surface techniques. Cphycocyanin extraction from spirulina platensis wet biomass. An ultrafine shearing method is introduced and combined. Growth and immunomodulation properties of this supplement have been widely studied in animals and humans, recently. Preparations one recommended dose is 35 grams per day, but the amount used may depend on the product, the individual using it, and the indication for which it is being taken. Singlestep chromatography for simultaneous purification of c phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with high purity and recovery from spirulina arthrospira platensis.
This text contains detailed descriptions of both the biology and the biotechnological uses of spirulina platensis, a bluegreen algae, which has. Medical application of spirulina platensis derived c phycocyanin qianliu, 1 yinghonghuang, 1 ronghuazhang, 1 tiangecai, 2 andyucai 1,3 college of pharmacy, jinan university, guangzhou, china collegeoflifesciences,liaoninguniversity,shenyang, china cancer institute of jinan university, guangzhou, china. The effects of media composition on the production of cphycocyanin cpc from the bluegreen algae spirulina platensis and the anti oxidant potential of the synthesizedcpc have been studied. Abstract c phycocyanin is a natural blue dye used in food and pharmaceutical industry. The experimental data on the study of the antibacterial activity of purified phycocyanin, a proteinbound pigment isolated from bluegreen alga, spirulina platensis nordstedt geitler, oscillatoriaceae are generalized and it was shown that phycocyanin was able to markedly inhibit the growth of drug resistant bacteria escherichia coli, klebsiella. A novel monoclinic crystal form for phycobiliproteins in. Preparation of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis. Astonishingly rich in nutrients, spirulina is one of the most popular and well researched functional foods in the multibillion dollar global food supplement market. This was necessary because this dye is known to be very unstable during normal extraction processes. Recycling of sugar mill effluent for spirulina platensis. Effects of a spirulinabased dietary supplement on cytokine production from.
Cyanobacteria spirulina platensis basic protein cphycocyanin. Using a randomized, doubleblind, placebocontrolled study design, 24 men and women were enrolled after informed consent, and consumed either ace 2. Doke, an improved and efficient method for the extraction of phycocyanin from spirulina sp, international j. Spirulina tablets organic, nongmo, vegan, raw, blue. Phycocyanin is believed to support a healthy inflammatory response by inhibiting the key enzyme cox2 that is responsible for causing inflammation and chronic pain. Proteins isolated from spirulina have been reported to be quite complex biomacromolecules, likely to be protein andor proteinpigment phycocyanin complexes rather than individual protein molecules. Optimization of phycocyanin extraction from spirulina. This is a spectrophotometry method adapted to extract and quantify a relatively pure cphycocyanin fraction from spirulina pacifica.
When the supply of nitrogen was low, about 3050% of the cphycocyanin. Mar 01, 2019 spirulina arthrospira exerts a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities that are mostly attributed to its phycobiliprotein content, mostly to c phycocyanin. Purified cphycocyanin from spirulina platensis nordstedt. C phycocyanin as a storage protein in the bluegreen alga spirulina platensis. Spirulina platensis, arthrospira platensis ingredients. Green spirulina no chemicalspreservativesadditives 100% pure powdered green spirulina arthrospira platensis net weight. The price of phycocyanin is a vital factor that dictates its. Extensively detailed and heavily referenced, spirulina in human nutrition and health is the definitive work on this highly nutritious food source.
Arthrospira platensis that is used both as a food and as a medicinal supplement to counteract unintentional weight loss and to ameliorate a variety of medical conditions including attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder, allergic rhinitis, hypertension, diabetes, stress, fatigue, anxiety and depression. The results showed that the light spectrum and nutrient composition had an effect on spirulina platensis production. Phycocyanin in bac enhances the immune system the magic. Fortunately, the flavor of spirulina can be masked to a degree. Oct 08, 2007 the final chapters look at neurobiology and spirulina s effect on aging as well as potential interactions with pharmaceuticals or other bioavailable compounds. The process of extraction of phycocyanin included homogenization, centrifugation, and precipitation with ammonium sulphate.
Phycocyanin extraction in spirulina produced using. Conformational studies of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis. Phycocyanin powder, broken cell blue spirulina powder extract. Phycocyanin is a pigmentprotein complex from the lightharvesting phycobiliprotein family, along with allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin. Effects of a spirulina based dietary supplement on cytokine production from allergic rhinitis patients. Neuroprotection by spirulina platensis protean extract and phycocyanin against ironinduced toxicity in shsy5y neuroblastoma cells. Although a number of reports are available for the extraction and purification of phycocyanin from cyanobacterial strains schoenleber et al. Spirulina is a genus of bluegreen algae used as a nutritional supplement.
Six treatments were divided into two groups of nutrient variation. This is a spectrophotometry method adapted to extract and quantify a relatively pure c phycocyanin fraction from spirulina pacifica. Spirulina phycobiliproteins as food components and complements. To study the effect of k 2 hpo 4 on partitioning of the phycocyanin in atps, k 2 hpo 4 at different. Cell disruption is an important step during the extraction of cphycocyanin from spirulina platensis. Spirulina platensis contain variety of pigments, such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycocyanin. Spirulina and other bluegreen algae contain c phycocyanin, which acts as an accessory pigment when light energy is captured and transferred to chlorophyll a. Purification and immunomodulating activity of cphycocyanin from. The spirulina platensis cultured with smokestack flue gas from a power plant is valuable. Instead, phycobiliproteins aggregate to form clusters that adhere to the membrane called. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential health benefits of this natural pigment.
Structure of cphycocyanin from spirulina platensis at 2. Production of phycocyanina pigment with applications in biology, biotechnology, foods and medicine. Phycocyanin powder, broken cell blue spirulina powder. No fillers, binders, or flow agents have been added. This pigment is used mainly as natural colouring in food industry. The binding energy of znii ions with cphycocyanin is determined using equilibrium dialysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The name phycocyanin is derived from the greek phyco meaning. Extraction and separation of phycocyanin from spirulina. Among many of spirulina bioactive components, blue protein cphycocyanin and its linear tetrapyrrole chromophore phycocyanobilin occupy a special place due to broad possibilities for application in various areas of food technology.
Study of phycocyanin production from spirulina platensis braz. A novel protein cphycocyanin plays a crucial role in the hypocholesterolemic action of spirulina platensis concentrate in rats. Spirulina cell walls are broken, phycocyanin separated with centrifuge extraction, filtered, and freeze dried. Study of phycocyanin production from spirulina platensis. These compounds are available in spirulina platensis of up to 20% of the dry weight antelo et al. Precipitation with 65 % ammonium sulphate resulted in 80 % recovery of phycocyanin with purity of 1. Spirulina platensis and its contents have been linked to a nutritional component in both human and animal health and welfare. The best phycocyanin supplement, i present to you spirulina. The interaction of znii ions with cyanobacteria spirulina platensis basic protein cphycocyanin cpc is studied by fluorescence spectroscopy.
Among many of spirulina bioactive components, blue protein c phycocyanin and its linear tetrapyrrole chromophore phycocyanobilin occupy a special place due to broad possibilities for application in various areas of food technology. Among many of spirulina bioactive components, blue protein cphycocyanin and its. Medical application of spirulina platensis derived c. Phycocyanin is a watersoluble blue pigment found only in spirulina and other species of bluegreen microalgae. Doke, an improved and efficient method for the extraction of phycocyanin from spirulina sp, international j food. Phycocyanin is a potent antioxidant and possesses significant immune enhancing and antiviral properties. The protein content, moisture and ash, crude fat, total carbohydrates, total phenolics, chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycocyanin content was estimated. The pharmacological actions, such as antiinflammation, antioxidation, antitumor, immunological enhancement, and hepatorenal protection of c.
This is the pigment that gives bluegreen algae its blue color. Phycocyanin was extracted from the wet biomass of spirulina by using the below methods. Phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin from spirulina platensis. A novel monoclinic crystal form for phycobiliproteins in phycobilisomes the crystal structure of c. All phycobiliproteins are watersoluble, so they cannot exist within the membrane like carotenoids can. Medical application of spirulina platensis derived cphycocyanin. When the supply of nitrogen was low, about 3050% of the cphycocyanin disappeared without any effect. The binding constants diminished with increasing ionic strength, suggesting an adaptive protective response. The effects of polysaccharide and phycocyanin from spirulina platensis variety on peripheral blood and hematopoietic system of bone marrow in mice. Spirulina and other bluegreen algae contain cphycocyanin, which acts as an accessory pigment when light energy is captured and transferred to chlorophyll a. Sivasankari, naganandhini and david ravindran department of biology, gandhigram rural institutedeemed university, dindigul, tamilnadu, india corresponding author abstract introduction spirulina is a bluegreen algae owing to the. Phycocyanin is the main component in spirulina extract.
The new kid on the block is called blue spirulina though, packed with the same awesome plant goodness and. The chromophoreprotein interactions of cphycocyanin cpc from spirulina platensis have been studied by following the partial and complete denaturation. Abstract the goal for this study was to evaluate safety regarding anticoagulant activity and platelet activation during daily consumption of an aqueous cyanophyta extract ace, containing a high dose of phycocyanin. Full factorial design was used to optimise the extraction time and medium ph using multiple. Download citation structure of cphycocyanin from spirulina platensis at 2.
One unusual phytonutrient in bluegreen algae such as spirulina is the natural blue protein pigment called phycocyanin. Phyocyanin extraction from microalgae spirulina platensis. This ancient species provides readily bioavailable protein along with carotenoids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals and has therapeutic applications in noncommunicable disease such as. The purification yield of this method was estimated as 10. Photostabilization of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis. The aim of this study was to systematically examine the inhibitory mechanisms of cphycocyanin cpc, one of the major phycobiliproteins of spirulina platensis a bluegreen alga, in platelet activation. Cphycocyanin molecule has an antioxidant feature, which regulates immunity and. Cphycocyanin, a very potent and novel platelet aggregation. Early work done in japan on phycocyanins antiviral properties will be discussed later. Superfood and functional food the development of superfoods and their.
Spirulina powder pure raw nongmo fresh organic spirulina. Abstract cphycocyanin is a natural blue dye used in food and pharmaceutical industry. The following evidence was obtained in support of this idea. The experimental data on the study of the antibacterial activity of purified phycocyanin, a proteinbound pigment isolated from bluegreen alga, spirulina platensis nordstedt geitler, oscillatoriaceae are generalized and it was shown that phycocyanin was able to markedly inhibit the growth of drug resistant bacteria escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and. Arthrospira platensis that is used both as a food and as a medicinal supplement to counteract unintentional weight loss and to ameliorate a variety of medical conditions including attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder, allergic rhinitis, hypertension, diabetes, stress, fatigue, anxiety and. B four photobioreactors 50 l tanks with initial volumes of 20 l of s. Extraction and separation of phycocyanin from spirulina using. Phycocyanobilin from spirulina the master antioxidant. The pharmacological actions, such as antiinflammation, antioxidation, antitumor, immunological enhancement, and hepatorenal protection of c phycocyanin cpc from spirulina.
Apr 27, 2017 a novel protein c phycocyanin plays a crucial role in the hypocholesterolemic action of spirulina platensis concentrate in rats. Phycocyanin, arthrospira platensis, pretreatment, production, extraction, purification, analysis. Their color is derived from the green pigment of chlorophyll, and the blue from a protein called phycocyanin. The purity of phycocyanin was defined as the ratio of absorbance at 620 nm to 280 nm, wherein od 620 is the maximum absorbance of phycocyanin and od 280 is the absorbance of total proteins. Phycocyanin can be extracted from spirulina thanks to different techniques such as maceration, or it can be extracted by intensification methods like ultrasound. Bluegreen algae, which are microscopic freshwater organisms, are also known as cyanobacteria. Introduction spirulina platensis, namely arthrospira platensis, is a nontoxic cyanobacterium widely distributed in tropical and subtropical lakes characterized by a high ph and high concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate. Pure freeze dried blue phycocyanin spirulina extract powder. The spectrum of light and nutrients required to increase the. Phycobiliprotein cphycocyanin from spirulina platensis is. It can be reasonably palatable when a tablespoon of spirulina is blended with a cup of soy milk and a ripe banana or other fruit, with a little extra sweetener. Pdf cphycocyanin as a storage protein in the bluegreen. Phycocyanin, which is an important extract of microalgae named spirulina. Comparison of different extraction methods for phycocyanin.
The spectrum of light and nutrients required to increase. It is an accessory pigment to chlorophyll and has a characteristic light blue color, absorbing orange and red light. Phycocyanin, the protein that gives spirulina its blue color, has also been shown to relieve inflammation associated with arthritis and various allergies. Improvement stability of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis. Phycocyanin is a pigmentprotein complex synthesized by bluegreen microalgae such as arthrospira spirulina platensis. It may be found in concentrations as high as 7 percent in certain bluegreen algae, as compared to 1 percent chlorophyll content most commonly found.
Conformational studies on cphycocyanin from spirulina platensis in. Blue spirulina contains a bright blue pigment called phycocyanin that is obtained by extracting certain parts from prokaryotes, which is also called bluegreen algae. Spirulina has a documented history of use as a food for more than years, and has been in production as a dietary supplement for 40 years. Molecules free fulltext application of an ultrafine shearing. Green spirulina has been around for ages and is wellknown throughout the foodie universe. Evaluation of media composition on the production of c. Jul 16, 2014 spirulina is used as a high quality protein mainly for phycocyanin eriksen 2008, which is a important cyanobacterial accessory pigment having a number of industrial applications. Mccarty,3 masakazu fujii,1 noriko ikeda,1 kunihisa kobayashi,1 noriyuki sonoda,1,2 and ryoichi takayanagi1 1department of medicine and bioregulatory science, graduate school of medical sciences.
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